![]() ![]() (2012, December 18) Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table. If the valence shell of an element is full, such as with a noble gas, then the element does not want to gain or lose an electron.įor example, alkali metals, which all have a valency of 1, want to lose that one electron and are likely to form ionic bonds (such as in the case of NaCl, or table salt) with a Group 17 element, which has a valency of 7 and wants to gain that one electron from the alkali metal (Group 1 element) to form a stable valency of 8.įor more on valence electrons and how they're related to the periodic table, I strongly recommend this video:Ĭitations: Tyler Dewitt. They determine how "willing" the elements are to bond with each other to form new compounds. Valence electrons are responsible for the reactivity of an element. You can easily determine the number of valence electrons an atom can have by looking at its Group in the periodic table.įor example, atoms in Groups 1 and 2 have 1 and 2 valence electrons, respectively.Ītoms in Groups 13 and 18 have 3 and 8 valence electrons, respectively. Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. To form a covalent bond, one electron from the halogen and one electron from another atom form a shared pair.įor example, in #"H–F"#, the dash represents a shared pair of valence electrons, one from #"H"# and one from #"F"#. To form an ionic bond, a halogen atom can remove an electron from another atom in order to form an anion (e.g., #"F"^"-", "Cl"^"-"#, etc.). They have one less electron configuration than a noble gas, so they require only one additional valence electron gain an octet. The most reactive nonmetals are the halogens, e.g., #"F"# and #"Cl"#. Nonmetals tend to attract additional valence electrons to form either ionic or covalent bonds. They need to lose only one or two valence electrons to form positive ions with a noble gas configuration. The most reactive metals are those from Groups 1 and 2. Generally, elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 17 tend to react to form a closed shell with a noble gas electron configuration ending in #ns^2 np^6#. Hence, the formula of Compound Carbon Tetrachloride is CCl 4.Elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table. The formula of Carbon Tetrachloride can be produced by using the valency of these elements. The features of Group 13 are as given below: The periodic table's Group 13 includes semi-metal Boron ( ), and metals Aluminium ( ), Gallium ( ), Indium ( ), Thallium ( ), and maybe the chemically uncharacterized Ununtrium ( ). Ques: What is the chemical formula of the compound Carbon Tetrachloride?Īns. Hence, Mass Number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons = 12+12 = 24. All elements in a group have their valence electrons. Carbon and silicon can form ionic compounds by gaining four. Ques: What is the atomic number and mass number of Magnesium if it has 12 protons and 12 neutrons?Īns. Valence configuration periodic table All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons. The Group 4A elements have four valence electrons in their highest-energy orbitals (ns2np2). Orange coloured elements are d-block elements and purple elements are the f-block elements. Green coloured elements are p-block elements. They have to complete its octet by bonding with another element. Periodic table with valence electrons and blocks The elements in blue colour are the s-block elements. Most elements do not have full electron shells so that they can bond with other elements. Ques: Why do most elements not have full electron shells?Īns. A neutral aluminum atom will have the following electronic configuration in its ground state: 2,8,3 The Proton number of Aluminum is 13 which means its atomic number is 13 and it has 13 elements. What will be its electron configuration?Īns. Ques: Aluminum has a proton number of 13.
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